Thousands of studies have been published on psychedelics and other historically illicit compounds to treat psychiatric illnesses, but politics, regulatory policies, and stigma have impeded progress. Now, for the first time in nearly 50 years, an unorthodox generation of medications is being developed for psychiatric disorders. Freakonomics Radio’s Stephen Dubner sits down with three leading neuroscientists from Mount Sinai to discuss how drugs like ketamine, MDMA, and cannabis may provide alternative therapies for illnesses like PTSD, addiction, and depression — and why they still face so much resistance.

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